Acne Affects More Than Teens:
Causes, Solutions, and When to See a Dermatologist
Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States, affecting an estimated 40 to 50 million Americans each year. Although it is often considered a teenage problem, acne does not stop at adolescence. Many adults continue to experience breakouts well into their 20s, 30s, 40s, and beyond.
Whether you are dealing with the occasional pimple or persistent breakouts, understanding what causes acne and what can be done about it is an important step toward improving your skin health.
What Is Acne?
Acne is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin’s oil glands and hair follicles. It is most common on the face, but it can also appear on the back, chest, and shoulders — areas where oil glands are more active.
At its core, acne develops when a pore becomes clogged with excess oil and dead skin cells. This blockage creates an environment where bacteria can thrive, triggering inflammation and the formation of various types of blemishes, including:
Blackheads: Open pores filled with oil and dead skin cells that darken when exposed to air.
Whiteheads: Closed, clogged pores that appear as small, flesh-colored bumps.
Papules: Red, inflamed bumps that can feel tender or sore.
Pustules: Pimples that contain pus, typically with a visible white or yellow center.
Cysts: Deep, inflamed lesions that can lead to scarring if not treated.
Nodules: Hard, painful lumps beneath the skin.
Not everyone experiences the same type of acne, and the severity can range from mild to severe. Identifying your type of acne is an important first step in choosing the right treatment.
What Causes Acne?
Acne is influenced by a variety of different internal and external factors. Some of the most common causes and contributing factors include:
Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormones play a major role in the development of acne, particularly during puberty. Increased levels of androgens, a group of hormones present in both males and females, can cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge and produce more oil. Hormonal shifts related to menstruation, pregnancy, or other life stages can also trigger breakouts.
Genetics: If your parents had acne, you may be more likely to develop it as well. Genetics influence things like oil production, how easily your pores become clogged, and how your skin responds to inflammation.
Stress: Stress does not directly cause acne, but it can certainly make it worse. Stress hormones like cortisol can increase oil production, and high stress levels may lead to behaviors such as picking at the skin or neglecting your skincare routine.
Skincare and Haircare Products: Using products that are not right for your skin type can contribute to breakouts. This includes cosmetics, moisturizers, sunscreens, and even haircare items that can transfer onto the skin. Look for products labeled as “non-comedogenic” to reduce the risk of clogged pores.
Diet and Lifestyle: There is some evidence that diets high in sugar, dairy, whey protein or refined carbohydrates may worsen acne in some people. Skipping proper cleansing routines, wearing tight or sweaty clothing, or not showering after workouts can also contribute to clogged pores and breakouts.
Certain Medications: Some prescription medications can cause or exacerbate acne as a side effect. If you suspect your medication is affecting your skin, consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes.
Why Adults Get Acne Too
While teenage acne is often linked to the hormonal shifts of puberty, adult acne has a variety of possible causes. Hormonal fluctuations remain a key factor, but other contributors include chronic stress, environmental factors, and the long-term use of certain skincare or cosmetic products.
Adult acne tends to appear more often around the lower face, jawline, chin, and neck. It can be persistent and, in some cases, more resistant to traditional over-the-counter treatments. This is why professional evaluation and a personalized treatment plan can be especially helpful for adults who are struggling with breakouts.
Treatment Options for Acne
There is no single cure for acne, but there are many highly effective treatments available. The right approach depends on your skin type, the severity of your acne, and how your skin responds to different ingredients. At Cardinal Dermatology Center, we create individualized treatment plans that may include the following:
Over-the-Counter Treatments
For mild acne, many people find relief using non-prescription products that contain proven active ingredients such as:
Benzoyl Peroxide: An antibacterial agent that helps kill acne-causing bacteria and reduce inflammation.
Salicylic Acid: A beta hydroxy acid that exfoliates the skin and keeps pores clear by dissolving debris.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs): These acids, like glycolic acid, help improve skin texture and promote gentle exfoliation.
Non-medicated cleansers: Gentle products to remove oil and other debris
It is important to apply these products consistently and avoid overusing them, as irritation or dryness can sometimes make acne worse.
Prescription Topical Treatments
If over-the-counter products are not effective, our dermatologist may recommend prescription-strength topical medications such as:
Topical Retinoids: Vitamin A derivatives that promotes skin cell turnover, prevents clogged pores, and reduces inflammation. Tretinoin is one of the most common options and is also known by the brand name Retin-A. Retinoids are some of the most well-established and effective topical treatments for acne.
Topical Antibiotics (Clindamycin): Clindamycin is commonly prescribed to reduce bacteria and inflammation on the skin. It is often used in combination with other agents such as benzoyl peroxide to prevent resistance and enhance effectiveness.
Oral Medications
For moderate to severe acne, or acne that is deeply inflamed or widespread, oral medications can offer significant improvement.
Oral Antibiotics: Doxycycline is a commonly prescribed oral antibiotic that helps reduce inflammation and control bacteria “from the inside out”. It is often used for inflammatory or cystic acne and can be very effective when topical treatments alone are not enough.
Other Oral Options: In certain cases, oral medications such as isotretinoin (commonly known as Accutane) may be considered, especially for patients with severe cystic acne that has not responded to other therapies. This treatment requires close monitoring due to its potency and potential side effects.
Oral medications are typically used for a limited duration, and our dermatologist will closely monitor your progress and adjust treatment as needed.
Treating Body Acne
Acne on the back, shoulders, or chest often requires a slightly different approach than facial acne. The skin in these areas is thicker and may respond better to medicated washes, exfoliating cleansers, or oral medications. It is important to wear breathable clothing and cleanse the skin after sweating to prevent further irritation or clogged pores.
Why Choose Professional Dermatologic Care?
If you have been trying multiple products without success or find that your acne is affecting your self-esteem, it is time to consider seeing a board-certified dermatologist. A professional evaluation can help determine the type of acne you have and uncover potential underlying causes.
At Cardinal Dermatology Center, we offer a full spectrum of acne treatments tailored to each individual. We also provide access to product samples for your skincare regimen, including brands such as: CeraVe, LaRoche Posay, Neutrogena, and Cetaphil. This can help determine whether a product is effective and well-tolerated before committing to a full-size purchase.
The Path to Clearer Skin Starts Here
Acne is not just a cosmetic issue. It can impact your quality of life, self-confidence, and emotional well-being. Fortunately, effective treatments are available, and you do not have to navigate them alone.
If you are ready to take the next step toward clearer, healthier skin, our board-certified dermatologist is here to help. With personalized care, professional-grade treatments, and thoughtful follow-up, we can help you find a plan that works for your skin.
To schedule an appointment or learn more about our treatment options, reach out to our office by calling 919-230-4016 or click “Book an Appointment” in the top right of our website. Let us help you feel confident in your skin again.